Current medications control risk factors or reduce blood cholesterol but do not remove the plaques. Similarly procedures with balloons or stents or surgery, push the narrowings aside or bypass them, the plaques are not removed.

Cardiovascular disease is the biggest killer in the developed world causing 18 million deaths per year. 42,300 people each year die in Australia (25%). There are 56,700 heart attacks per year (155 per day), 38,500 strokes (100 per day), and 8,000 amputations per year ( 22 per day).

The cost is $14.3. billion in healthcare expenditure per year in Australia.